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2．其必古人之所未及就，後世之所不可无，而後为之，庶其传？宋人书如司马温公《资治通鉴》、马贵与《文献通考》，皆以一生精力成之，遂为後世不可无之书。而其中小有舛漏，尚亦不免。
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3．若後人之书愈多而愈舛漏，愈速而愈不传，所以然者，其视成书太易，而急于求名故也。
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【在这一段里，顾炎武讲的是著作的价值和永久性问题。他说，先秦诸子之书，多能各具价值，各垂永久，那是因为这诸子都能独立思考自成体系的原故。到《吕氏春秋》和《淮南子》，就是综合别人的，虽名曰《子》，但已经历了变化。司马光、马端临都是竭尽平生精力去写成《通鉴》和《通考》的，故而这两部书是不可无、垂永久的著作。虽小有失误，亦不害大事。那什么样的著作才是有永久性的呢？是过去的人不曾说过、不曾涉及到、而将来的人又不可缺少的内容，才可以流传下来。而顾炎武本人毕生著书，正是严格地遵守了这一原则。】
【思考】
1.作者为什么说著述很难？你认为作者提倡的著书原则是什么？可以用文中语句回答。
困难的原因是难以自成一家之言。
著述原则是“必古人之所未及就，后世之所不可无。”
2.作者命名“著书之难”的真实用意是什么？为什么要引用《资治通鉴》《文献通考》为例？
明确：议“著书之难”意在强调“著述贵创新”的观点。引用古例，作者析古剖今，提出“必古人之所未及就，后世之所不可无”的著书标准，主张独创，反对急功近利，实际上还是提倡治学不为空言，要切合实际。
（三）第三则“文人之多”
1．唐宋以下，何文人之多也！固有不识经术，不通古今，而自命为文人者矣。韩文公《符读书城南诗》 曰：“文章岂不贵，经训乃菑畲。潢潦无根源，朝满夕己除。人不通古今，马牛而襟裾。行身陷不义，况望多名誉。”
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2．而宋刘挚之训子孙，每曰：“士当以器识为先，一号为文人，无足观矣。”然则以文人名于世，焉足重哉。此扬子云所谓“摭我华而不实我实”者也。
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，《日知录》三则学案2（教师版）tag: ， 中国文化经典研读，中国文化经典研读大全，语文教学 - 中学语文 - 中学教案大全 - 选修教案 - 中国文化经典研读