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表示推测情态动词的用法,
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表示推测情态动词的用法》
表示推测情态动词的用法
一、用法归纳
1. 表示推测的情态动词有must, can, could, may, might等,且语气由左向右依次减弱。could, might并不一定是can, may的过去式,有时只是语气分别比can, may更弱。
2. must (一定会,准会) 只用于肯定句;can (可能)一般用于疑问句或否定句;may (也许) 用于肯定句或否定句。虽然must和may均可用于肯定句,但在语气上must比may强得多,must表示有把握的肯定推测,而may表示没有把握的肯定推测。虽然can和may均可用于否定句,但在语气上can’t(不可能)比may not(可能不)要强得多,can’t是表示有把握的否定推测,而may not是表示没有把握的否定推测。could, might可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中,其区别在于语气上强弱的区分。
3. should, ought to (按理应当), would, will,(很可能)等也可表示推测,语气都较肯定,且由左至右依次增强,但较must稍弱。
4. 关于表示推测的情态动词后面所接动词形式,有下列三种情况:若对此刻正在发生的事,接“be +现在分词”;若对现在或未来情况的推测,接动词原形;若对过去情况的推测,接“have +过去分词”。
二、实例分析
◎—Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
—Sorry, I am not sure. It ________ be. (湖北卷)
A. might B. will
C. must D. can
【分析】答案选A。由I am not sure(我没有把握)可知,后文是没有把握的肯定推测,用might。
◎You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ________ not like the design of the furniture. (上海卷)
A. must B. shall
C. may D. need
【分析】答案选C。. may not意为“可能不”。句意是:你不妨告诉厂商男顾客可能不喜欢这种家具的花样。
◎—Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
—No, it ________ be him—I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. (全国卷)
A. can’t B. must not
C. won’t D. may not
【分析】答案选A。由No和后文I’m sure…可知,是有把握的否定推测,所以用can’t (不可能)。
◎—When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
—They ________ be ready by 12:00. (全国卷)
A. can B. should
C. might D. need
【分析】答案选B。should表示“按理应当,大概”。用might语气太不肯定,顾客可能走掉。
◎I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ somewhere. (北京春)
A. must drop B. must have dropped
C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped
【分析】答案选B。对已经发生的事进行推测用“must have +过去分词”,答案D是被动式,应排除。
◎—I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
—Oh, did you? You ________ with Barbara. (全国卷)
A. could have stayed B. could stay
C. would stay D. must have stayed
【分析】答案选A。表示对过去情况的推测:“你可能和Barbara住在一起了”;must语气太肯定,与前面具有疑问语气的Oh, did you?不符。
◎—There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
—It ________ a comfortable journey. (全国卷)
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
【分析】答案选D。既然小汽车上“已有五人”,且是“设法”才把你带去的,如此拥挤,旅途当然“不可能”舒服。
◎—Tom graduated from college at a very young age.
—Oh, he ________ have been a very smart boy then. (全国III)
A. could B. should
C. might D. must
【分析】答案选D。由上文可知,应是有把握的肯定推测,用must(一定)。
◎You ________ be tired—you’ve only been working for an hour. (四川卷)
A. must not B. won’t
C. can’tD. may not
【分析】答案选C。由后文“你才只工作了一个小时”推断,“你不可能就累了”。表示有把握的否定推测,用can’t。must not不允许;may not可能不。
◎It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack ________ be here at any moment. (全国卷)
A. must B. need
C. should D. can
【分析】答案选C。nearly暗示“时间不早了”,“按理应当(should)”Jack“随时(at any moment)”都有可能到达这里。must又语气过强;can一般不用于肯定推测;need意义不通,也不用于肯定句。
◎I didn’t hear the phone. I ________ asleep. (全国卷)
A. must be B. must have been
C. should be D. should have been
【分析】答案选B。当时我没不听到电话铃响,那“一定是己经睡着了。
◎—Is John coming by train?
—He should, but he ________ not. He likes driving his car. (全国卷)
A. must B. can
C. need D. may
【分析】答案选D。由“他自己喜欢开车”这一习惯推断,“他可能不会(may not)坐火车来”。can not“不可能”,语气太肯定。(from www.lexue88.com)
◎Peter ________ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. (全国卷)
A. must B. can
C. may D. will
【分析】答案选C。由but he isn’t very sure. (但他没有把握)可知,Peter晚上来的可能性是不大的。表示没有把握的肯定推测用may(也许)。
◎—Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
—I’m not sure. I ________ go to the concert instead. (全国卷)
A. must B. would
C. should D. might
【分析】答案选D。由I’m not sure可知,“我可能(might)要去听音乐会”
◎Michael ________ be a policeman, for he’s much too short. (上海卷)
A. needn’t B. can’t
C. should D. may
【分析】答案选B。由he’s too short推知,Michael“不可能(can’t)”是 policeman。
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