全国20xx年7月高等教育文学类自考真题_英语阅读(一)试题
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1. Careful Reading. (40 points, 2 points for each)
Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answers and them write the corresponding letters on your Answer Sheet.
Passage One
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people’s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers’ money.
Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago, a brand of bread was offered to dieters with the message that there were fewer calories in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic (适合于节食的), but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.
On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer’s real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising.
Each Consumer must evaluate her or his own situation.Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers.but it does not force them to buy the product.Consumers still controlthe final buying decision.
1.Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by________.
A.stressing their high quality
B.convincing him of their low price
C.maintaining a balance between quality and price
D.appealing to his buying motives
2.The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that______.
A.thin slices of bread could contain more calories
B.the loaf was cut into regular slices
C.the bread was not genuine bread
D.the total number of calories in the loaf remained the same
3.According to the passage，which 0f the following statements is true?
A.Sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needs.
B.Advertisements occasionally force consumers into buying things they don’t need.
C.The buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisements.
D.Fire insurance is seldom a worthwhile investment.
4.It can be inferred from the passage that a smart consumer should______.
A.think carefully about the benefits described in the advertisements
B.guard against the deceiving nature of advertisements
C.be familiar with various advertising strategies
D.avoid buying products that have strong emotional appeal
5.The passage is mainly about______.
A.how to make a wise buying decision
B.ways to protect the interests of the consumer
C.the positive and negative aspects of advertising
D.the function of advertisements in promoting sales
Passage Two
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.
Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?
Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian (百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform?
Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible (可减税的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least. www.lexue88.com
Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.
6. It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality____.
A. enjoy having a professional identity
B. still judge a man by his clothes
C. hold the uniform in such high regard
D. respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform
7. People are accustomed to thinking that a man in uniform______.
A. appears to be more practical
B. suggests quality work
C. discards his social identity
D. looks superior to a person in civilian clothes
8. The chief function of a uniform is to______.
A. provide the wearer with a professional identity
B. inspire the wearer’s confidence in himself
C. provide practical benefits to the wearer
D. make the wearer catch the public eye
9. According to the passage, people wearing uniforms ______.
A. tend to lose their individuality B. are usually helpful
C. look like generals D. have little or no individual freedom
10. The best title for this passage would be______.
A. Uniforms and Society
B. Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms
C. The Importance of Wearing a Uniform
D. Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform
Passage Three
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
British newspapers can be classified into groups according to various criteria, such as area of distribution, size of sales, socioeconomic class of their readers, days (and times) of publication, and political bias. Each of these different criteria will lead to more or less different groupings.
With regard to the area of distribution a fairly clear distinction can be made between national papers and local papers. The national, e.g. The Times, Daily Mirror and Sunday Express, are readily obtainable in virtually all parts of the United Kingdom at the same time. On the other hand, local papers, e.g. Yorkshire Post or Liverpool Echo, serve a particular area, and outside that area must be specially ordered.
As regards the sales figures, we must recognize that there is no clear line that will distinguish between large and small sales. However, we make a somewhat arbitrary distinction here, partly based on copies sold, but also influenced by the type of content of the papers. This separates the so-called “popular” papers from the “quality” papers: the “qualities”, like Sunday Times or Financial Times, tend to have larger, more serious articles than the “populars”, such as The People or News of the World.
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