20xx年职称英语考试试题及答案_职称英语卫生类A级模拟试题库(4)
20、
Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the Poor
Nanotechnology uses matter at the level of molecules and atoms. Researchers are finding different uses for particles with a length of one nanometer, or one-billionth of a meter, These include things like beauty products1 and dirt-resistant clothing. But one area where many experts believe nanotechnology holds great promise is medicine.
Last week, speakers at a program in Washington discussed using nanotechnology to improve health care in developing countries. The program took place at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Peter Singer at the University of Toronto says a nanotechnology called quantum dots2 could be used to confirm cases of malaria. He says it could offer a better way than the traditional process of looking at a person’s blood under a microscope.
In poor countries, this process is often not followed. As a result, sick people may get treated for malaria even if they do not have it. Such misuse of medicines can lead to drug resistance. Quantum dots are particles that give off3 light when activated. Researchers are studying ways to program them to identify diseases by lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule. 4
Experts say nanotechnology shows promise not just for diagnosing diseases, but also for treating them. Piotr Grodzinski of the National Institutes of Health5 talked about how nanotechnology could make drugs more effective. He talked about cancer drugs already developed with nanotechnology. He says if a drug can target a cancer locally in the body, then much less of it might be needed, and that means lower side effects.6
Andrew Maynard is chief scientist for the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies at the Woodrow Wilson Center. He noted that Brazil, India, China and South Africa are currently doing nanotechnology research that could help poor countries. But he also noted that there is some risk in using nano-materials. He says nanometer-sized particles behave differently in the body and the environment compared to larger particles7. Experts say more investment in research is needed to better understand these risks.
词汇：
nanotechnology/5nAnEutek7nlEdZI/n 纳米技术 matter/5mAtE/n.物质
molecule/5mClikju:l, 5mEu-/n.分子atom/5AtEm/n.原子
nanometer/5neinE7mi:tE/n.纳米，毫微米 (长度单位，=10-9m)one-billionth n.十亿分之一dirt-resistant adj，防尘的，防污的promise/5prCmis/n.希望，前途program/5prEu^rAm/(=programme)n.节目，节目单vt.为……编制程序scholar/5skClE/n.学者quantum/5kwCntEm/n.量;量子.
dot/dCt/n.(小)点，圆点confirm/kEn5fE:m/vt.确认;证实case/keis/n.病症;病例; malaria/mE5lZEriE/n.疟(疾) misuse/5mis5ju:z/n.误用，滥用 particle/5pB:tikl/n.颗粒.微粒：粒子activate/5Aktiveit/vt.使激活 identify/ai5dentifai/v.辨认diagnose/5daiE^nEuz/vt.诊断(疾病)
Brazil/brE5zil/n.巴西nano-material n.纳米材料investment/ in5vestmEnt / n.投资;投资额
练习：
1. Which of the following uses of nanotechnology is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A To make beauty products and dirt-resistant clothing.
B To produce better and lighter building materials.
C To help more accurately diagnose diseases.
D To help more effectively treat diseases.
2. How can quantum dots be used to confirm diseases?
A By traditionally looking at a person’s blood under a microscope.
B By letting a person take some kind of medicine.
C By lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.
D By subjecting a person to an X-ray examination.
3. How can nanotechnology be used to make a drug more effective?
A By making a drug target the focus of a disease.
B By changing the structure of the body cells.
C By lowering the side effects caused by a drug.
D By letting a patient take a dose as large as possible.
4. The following developing countries are doing very well scientific research on nanotechnology EXCEPT______.
A China B Brazil C Iran D India
5. Which of the following is the possible risk in using nano-materials mentioned in the passage?
A They may cause some damage to the body cells.
B They are harmful materials themselves.
C They may store in the body.
D They may behave differently in the body and the environment.
1、 A B C D
2、 A B C D
3、 A B C D
4、 A B C D
5、 A B C D
标准答案： B,C,A,C,D
21、
Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant Women
A recent study in Tanzania found that when pregnant women took vitamins every day, fewer babies were born too small. Babies that weigh less than two and one-half kilograms at birth have a greater risk of dying. Those that survive are more likely to experience problems with their development. And experts say that as adults they have a higher risk of diseases including heart disease and diabetes. The World Health Organization1 estimates that every year twenty million babies are born with low birth weight. Nine out of ten of them are born in developing countries.
The new study took place in Dares Salaam. 4, 200 pregnant women received multivitamins. The pills contained all of the vitamins in the B group along with2 vitamins C and E. They also contained several times more iron and folate than the levels advised for women in developed nations. Pregnant women especially in poor countries may find it difficult to get enough vitamins and minerals from the foods in their diet. www.lexue88.com
The scientists compared the findings with results from a group of 4,000 women who did not receive the vitamins. A report by the scientists, from the United States and Tanzania, appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine. 3 Wafaie Fawzi of the Harvard University School of Public Health4 led the study. None of the women in the study had HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The scientists reported earlier that daily multivitamins were a low-cost way to reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with5 HIV. The earlier work in Tanzania also found improvement in the mothers in their number of blood cells known as lymphocytes. Lymphocytes increase the body’s immunity against infection.
The new study in pregnant women who were not infected with the AIDS virus found that multivitamins reduced the risk of low birth weight. Just under eight percent of the babies born to women who took the multivitamins weighed less than 2,500 grams. The rate was almost nine and one-half percent in the group of women who received a placebo, an inactive pill, instead of the vitamins. But the vitamins did not do much to reduce the rates of babies being born too early or dying while still a fetus. Still, the researchers say multivitamins should be considered for all pregnant women in developing countries.
词汇：
multivitamin/7mQlti5vaitEmin/adj.多种维生素的 urge/E:dV/v.促进/v.极力主张;强烈要求;敦促 pregnant/5pre^nEnt/adj.怀孕的，妊娠的
Tanzania/7tAnzE5ni:E/n.坦桑尼亚(非洲国家) diabetes/7daiE5bi:ti:z, -ti:s/n.糖尿病，多尿症 Dar es Salaam/5dB:r es sE5lB:m/n.达累斯萨拉姆(坦桑尼亚首都)folate/5fEuleit/n.叶酸盐 mineral/5minErEl/n.矿物质;无机盐adj.矿物质的;无机的 fetal/5fi:tl/adj.胎儿的, 胎的
lymphocyte/5limfEsait/n.淋巴球, 淋巴细胞immunity/i5mju:niti/n..免疫力;免疫性 infection/in5fekFEn/n.传染，感染;传染病 placebo/plE5si:bEu/n.安慰剂;安慰剂治疗 inactive/in5Aktiv/adj.无作用的 pill/pil/n.药丸，丸剂fetus/5fi:tEs/n.胎，胎儿
练习:
1. How many babies are born with low birth weight in the developed countries every year according to WHO?
A 20,000,000.
B 18,000,000.
C 2,000,000.
D 38,000,000.
2. A pill of multivitamins may contain all of the following substances EXCEPT
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