He and his colleague Anthony Chifu Nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of Cameroon. They found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 per cent
more slowly than the dung in the rainforests of neighbouring Gabon. If researchers use decay rates from Gabon to count elephants in Cameroon, they would probably find more elephants than are actually around.
This could mean estimates in Cameroon are at least twice as high as those derived from decay rates calculated locally, says Plumptre. "However accurate your dung density estimate might be, the decay rate can severely affect the result."
Plumptre also says that the dung-pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephant's natural range. The usual technique of monitoring only small, protected areas distorts numbers because elephants move in and out of these regions, he says. "If the elephant population increases within the protected area, you can not determine whether it is a real increase or whether it is due to elephants moving in because they are being poached (入侵偷猎) outside."
Plumptre says that similar problems may also affect other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests, tracks or burrows (地洞).
6 The word "threatened" in the first sentence of the first paragraph could be best replaced by
A "endangered".
B "frightened".
C "killed".
D "angered".
7 Why do researchers estimate elephant numbers in an area by counting dung piles?
A Because elephants are difficult to catch.
B Because it is not possible to count elephants from a plane.
C Because it is not possible to keep track of elephants.
D Because elephants are shy animals.
8 Piles of dung can't be relied upon when it comes to estimating elephant numbers because
A they are different in size.
B they scatter all over the region.
C they are different in decay rate.
D they are different in quality.
9 According to Plumptre, the region over which a dung-pile census is carried out should be
A small enough.
B well protected.
C carefully monitored.
D large enough.
10 The first word "He" in paragraph 6 refers to
A Andrew Plumptre.
B Katy Payne.
C Anthony Chifu Nchanji.
D the writer of the article.
第三篇
More Than Just Money
When Patricia Rochester decided to go back to school after ten years as a staff nurse at Toronto Western Hospital, her employer not only cheered her on, but also paid her tuition and gave her a day off with pay every week to study. Throughout her years at the hospital, Rochester has also taken workshops on everything from coaching peers to career development D courses that she believes have helped her advance at work. "I'm now head of the mentoring (指导) program for new hires, students and staff nurses," she says. "There's a lot of room for personal improvement here."
Perhaps as important, Rochester says her employer supports and values her work.
"If you put in overtime," the nurse points out, "you get your meals —— they'll order in pizza or Greek food or Chinese." And if staffers feel stiff and stressed from too many hours on the ward, they can call for a free 15-minute shoulder-and-neck massage (按摩) or even sign up for an eight-week evening course on meditation skills and stress-relief. If that's not enough, employees can take advantage of five family days a year that can be used if the kids come down with the flu or an aging parent needs ferrying to an important doctor's appointment. And they have access to a range of perks (好处) such as special rates on hotel rooms, drugstore purchases, and scholarships for employees' children.
You might wonder how an organization can provide such resources and still survive. But University Health Network is one of a number of progressive employers in Canada
that have discovered that investing in staff is good business.
If such initiatives help companies cut down on turnover (人员更替) alone, they're well worthwhile, says Prem Benimadhu, a vice-president at the Conference Board of Canada. It costs anywhere from $3,300 to rehire support staff, an average $13,300 for technical staff and a whopping (巨资) $43,000 for an executive position, according to one study of Conference Board members.
Innovative initiatives help companies attract talented employees, cut down on sick days (which cost Canadian businesses an estimated $17 billion a year, or an average of $3,550 per employee) and keep employees more interested in their work. With the substantial talent shortage that already exists in Canada and the prospect of mass retirement over the next five years —— as many as 50 or 60 percent in some sectors Benimadhu says that intelligent employers are putting a renewed focus on the people who work for them.
11 When Rochester decided to go to school, her employer
A persuaded her to change her mind.
B fired her.
C cheered heron.
D discouraged her.
12 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to ease one's stiffness and stress?
A To take an eight-week evening course on meditation skills and stress-relief.
B To call for a free 15-minute shoulder-and-neck massage.
C To use five family days.
D To ask for sick leave.
13 Investment in staff has been motivated
A to attract the public's attention.
B to reduce staff turnover.
C to solve labor disputes.
D to show off financial resources.
14 Canada has been short of
A talented people.
B timber.
C fresh water.
D money.
15 In paragraph 2, the phrase "come down with" could be best replaced by
A "shake off".
B "get rid of".
C "get".
D "cure".
答案：
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. D
6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. A
11. C 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C www.lexue88.com
第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
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Mobile Phones
Mobile phones should carry a label if they proved1 to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be build until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit is scientifically evaluated, he said. “Nobody’s going to drop dead overnight2 but we should be asking for more scientific information, ”Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation. _____ (1) _____
A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill effects on humans from electromagnetic radiation. According to Robert Bell, there are 3. 3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by3 2, 000 a day.
_____ (2) _____
As well, there are 2, 000 transmitter towers around Australia, many in high density residential areas5. _____ (3) _____The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.
Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500 metre radius of school grounds, child care centres, hospitals, sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children.
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